Twentieth Century History of South Africa Essay -- African History

The twentieth century history of South Africa contains many struggles and obstacles as its people worked towards creating a more unified country. Modern human beings have inhabited South Africa for more than 100,000 years and a great deal of colonization has occurred within the last 300 years. During the late 18th century, 90 Dutchmen landed on the Cape of Good Hope as part of the Dutch East India Company, representing the first permanent settlers of South Africa. In 1652, they were instructed to build a fort and to start growing crops to aid the ships travelling along the Eastern trade route. Five short years later, approximately 250 white men occupied the area, bringing with them slaves to aid in growing more crops. Their farmland began to expand, and the native South Africans concern of expanding Dutch colonization was becoming a reality. Immigration was encouraged in the 19th century, and the independent farmers called â€Å"trekboers† started to expand their farmlan d to the north and east. Slaves brought into South Africa by the white colonists created a mixed race group known as â€Å"colored†, creating a mixture of race and culture seen today in South Africa. Native South Africans were losing ground to this expanding Dutch colony and their slaves (Southafrica.info, 2012, pg. 1). According to the U.S. State Department (2012), African farmers known as the Boers began to migrate into South Africa in 1836. These colonists fled to Africa partly to escape British rule and due to the recent abolition of slavery in Britain. This created strife and conflict with the native South Africans, the most formidable being the Zulus. The leader of the Zulus, Shaka, reigned over the area from 1787 to 1828. Under him, the Zulus were able... ...racial election. The citizens of Africa are counting on South Africa's post-apartheid governments to continue the trend of reformation and reconciliation. References A Short History of South Africa - SouthAfrica.info. (n.d.). South Africa's official gateway - investment, travel, country information - SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www.southafrica.info/about/history/history.htm History of South Africa. (n.d.). HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=588&HistoryID=aa62>rack=pthc Jost, K. (1994). Can South Africa make the transition to a non-racial democracy?. South Africa's future (pp. 1-25). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. South Africa. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.htm#political

Sta302 – Assignment 2

From the Scatterplot of Revenue vs. Circulation, it can be seen that the variance of the dependent variable, Revenue, is increasing. This is a violation of the Gauss-Markov condition of constant variance in the error terms. Also, since a linear relationship seems appropriate, transformation of both the dependent and independent variables are necessary. 2) Fitting polynomial models to the data may be better than fitting a straight line model to the untransformed data because this allows for curvature and can fit the data more closely.However, this might not be sufficient because it does not account for nonconstant variance. 3) The natural log transformation of both variables provides the best model of the three. From the plot of the Regression Line for lnRevenue vs. lnCirculation, it can be seen that the points are relatively equally scattered around the regression line. Also, the nonconstant variance seems to be fixed. This is evident in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values , as the points are randomly scattered about the center line.The square root transformation of both variables improves linearity, as indicated in the plot of the Regression Line for sqrtRevenue vs. sqrtCirculation, but does not fix the problem of non-constant variance. This can be clearly seen in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values. The points are not randomly scattered around the center line, but seem to be bunched up on the left side and spread outwards, indicating increasing variance. The inverse transformation of both variables does not improve linearity, as curvature can be seen in the plot of the Regression Line for invRevenue vs. invCirculation.Although non-constant variance is slightly improved over the square root transformation, as can be seen in the plot of the residuals vs. predicted values, it is still insufficient. Therefore, both variables natural log transformed seems to be the best model of the three choices. 4) The model used is . This implies that . Fro m this result, it can be seen that a k-fold change in the circulation in millions results in a change in revenue in thousands of dollars. From the regression, =0. 5334. This means that if circulation changes by a factor of k, its revenue will also change by a factor of k0. 334. 5) From SAS, a 95% prediction interval with a circulation of 1 million for the natural log of the revenue is (4. 3005, 5. 0202) with a predicted value of 4. 6604.This translates to a prediction interval of ($73 736. 65, $151 441. 59) with a predicted revenue of $105 678. 35. 6) Since the threshold for Cook’s D is 4/(n-2), where n=70, the threshold is 0. 059. There are five values with Cook’s D greater than 0. 059, which indicates that they are influential points. From the normal Q-Q plot of the residuals, these 5 points can be seen to be utliers at the ends of the graph. Therefore, they can greatly affect the fit of the model. Also from the normal Q-Q plot, it can be seen that the residuals are not exactly normally distributed. The curvature at the ends of the plot indicates heavy tails in the distribution. By the Central Limit Theorem confidence intervals, and the values for , , and E(Y) are valid. However, since a prediction interval deals only with a single point, it is not valid. Due to the heavy tails in the distribution of the error terms, the prediction interval calculated in 5) may not be accurate.

Frank Darabont s Corrupt Film Adaptation Of The Green Mile

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen of the Literary and Media Arts Festival. In today’s session, Novel to Film Adaptations – Empowering the Marginalised Perspective, Frank Darabont’s corrupt film adaptation of, The Green Mile, will be exposed as a blatant juxtaposition of Paul Edgecombe’s journal on which it is based. Through the film, audiences are invited to follow the disturbing experiences and happenings upon the green mile in 1932 at the Cold Mountain Penitentiary death row as articulated in Mr. Edgecombe’s journal. The film constructs Percy Wetmore as cruel, malevolent and aggressive, however, this is contrasted by the reality presented in the journal, through which he portrays characteristics of dedication, determination, and†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the written evidence at no point claims or even insinuates that Percy ever raised his baton or even acknowledged Delacroix in this scene, whilst the film has an extensive exhi bition of him ruthlessly attacking Delacroix, this is a complete fabrication. The evident web of lives through which Darabont has portrayed Percy in his film in an attempt to convince audiences he is corrupt when the reality reveals he was diligent and dedicated, this is, therefore, a complete misrepresentation of people and events. The Squashing of Mr. Jingles is a scene in the film which cleverly appeals to the emotions of audiences, and is particularly significant as it further establishes the demonization of Percy. In this particular scene, a low camera angle, confronting sound effects and elusive dialogue are all deployed in the misrepresentation of Mr. Wetmore. Audiences follow a low and deceptive camera angle of Mr. Jingles, whom is nothing more than common vermin, running across the corridor of the Green Mile, when Percy’s foot is shown emerging unexpectedly from above before he step’s on the mouse, with an overdramatised loud crack upon impact, he follows up this action with the words in a malicious tone, â€Å"I knew I’d get him sooner or later. Just a matter of time, really.† Whilst,